Mathematical modelling of thermal and kinetic phenomena in electron-beam technologies

The article presents a scheme for constructing models using kinetic laws for additional parameters. The work describes the example of the model of electro-beam treatment of a material with a coating. The study uses the simple kinetic law for powder layer evolution due to shrinkage. The model takes into account the melting of powder layer and substrate. The numerical solution gives the temperature field, evolution of the molten pool, the heat affected zone and the surface relief for different moments of time. The results depend on the treatment rate and electron beam energy

Coating synthesis controlled by electron-beam heating

The methods of combined electron-beam treatment of parts made of steel with one- and two-layer coatings are studied experimentally. Ti-Ni, Ni-Al and Al-Ti systems were used as the examples in the experiments. The mathematical model is suggested for coating formation in the controlled regime of high temperature synthesis during high energy source motion along the preliminarily deposited layer of exothermic composition. The study takes into account the difference in thermophysical properties of the materials of coating and substrate, heat release from chemical reaction that leads to the coating properties formation and other factors. The realization of the synthesis depends on technological parameters. Various regimes of the treatment process are investigated numerically

Cash flow management at the insurance company aimed at provision of financial stability

The insurance market of the Russian Federation is currently demonstrating the trend of slower growth rate of insurance premiums and problems, rising in certain sectors. The loss ratio of insurance operations is increasing along with reducing profitability of internal funds and assets, operational costs are growing. All these factors affect the financial stability of insurance companies and reduce the profitability of insurance business. There is no doubt that maintaining financial stability of insurance companies in the Russian insurance market under current conditions is an extremely important issue since this sector maintains stability of economic subjects in the most difficult economic situation, ensures the continuity of social reproduction and acts as the main provider of long-term investments to the country’s financial market. To keep their position on the market, the insurance companies should pay special attention to maintaining stable positive cash flow and reducing the cash outflow. The approach to cash flow management in the insurance company proposed in the article accounts for existing challenges and opportunities can maintain the financial equilibrium of the company and can improve the efficiency of performance as well as reduce the need for debt capital and the insolvency risk of the insurer. The purpose of work is to identify the problems of financial stability and cash flow management in the insurance company and to develop practical recommendations aimed at addressing these problems based on generalization of the theoretical aspects and analysis of financial indicators. The scientific novelty of the research is in developing theoretical and methodological provisions and elaborating practical recommendations in the field of the insurance company’s cash management in order to ensure financial stability. © 2016 Elena Knyazeva, Larisa Yuzvovich, Elena Smorodina, Valeria Fomenko and Vadim Katochikov

Impact of financial globalization on banking risks

Financial globalization definitely has an overall effect on globalization in the banking sector. This is reflected in averaging of banking risks for all parties, which occurs due to the impact of the markets, economies, private corporations and monopolies as well as states on each other. As a result, just the opposite priorities in monetary policy may have the same beneficial effect. The aim of the study is to develop conceptual scientific and methodological research areas concerning diversification of banking risks in the context of financial globalization. As part of a comprehensive analysis of the resulting indicators of financial and economic activities of the Russian banking sector, the authors have assessed the key financial performance of the major lending institutions of the Russian banking system in order to identify the dependence of the Russian banking sector on external factors. Financial globalization in general, of course, affects the globalization in the banking sector in particular. This is reflected in averaging banking risks for all parties to the process as a result of the integrative impact of markets, economies, private corporations and monopolies. In this study the authors have presented the mechanism of integrative motion of economic processes with regard to the financial globalization impact on the results of the countries’ monetary policy. Development of market relations and rapid financial globalization lead to permanent transformations of risks that require new approaches and methods of management. © 2016 Larisa Yuzvovich, Elena Knyazeva, Natalia Mokeeva, Elena Avramenko and Maksim Maramygin

Effect of organically bound iodine in cattle feed on health indicators

Currently, the problem of iodine deficiency is actual in the world, which may cause a large number of diseases and disorders. The problem of iodine deficiency for humans may be partly solved by enriching agricultural products with iodine, i.e. by providing animals with an increased intake of iodine during their growth. Theoretically, the most effective way to use iodine is the form bound to tyrosine, since diiodotyrosine has been proven to be a thyroxine precursor. Taking it into account, a supplement was developed containing iodine organically bound to tyrosine and histidine. In this work, we studied the effect of this supplement introduced into the diets of cattle on biochemical parameters of animal blood. In the test group, which received the supplement with organically bound iodine, an improvement in nitrogen metabolism was noted compared to the control group. This was most clearly demonstrated by the content of urea, since in the test group, its content decreased by ≈15 percentage points, and by the content of creatinine, since its increase in the test group was more than 20 percentage points. Differences in the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism between treatments were also noted, as in the blood of animals from the test group, the content of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose and malondialdehyde was lower than in the control group. In mineral metabolism and morphological parameters, there was no significant difference between treatments. Among the indicators of pigment and hormone metabolism, it is important to note the reduced content of cortisol in the blood of animals from the test group. Its level was lower by ≈17.23 percentage points compared to the control group. A decrease in cortisol levels indicated a lower stress load in the test group. In general, studies have shown that the use of a feed supplement containing organically bound iodine has a positive effect on the metabolism of animals.Currently, the problem of iodine deficiency is actual in the world, which may cause a large number of diseases and disorders. The problem of iodine deficiency for humans may be partly solved by enriching agricultural products with iodine, i.e. by providing animals with an increased intake of iodine during their growth. Theoretically, the most effective way to use iodine is the form bound to tyrosine, since diiodotyrosine has been proven to be a thyroxine precursor. Taking it into account, a supplement was developed containing iodine organically bound to tyrosine and histidine. In this work, we studied the effect of this supplement introduced into the diets of cattle on biochemical parameters of animal blood. In the test group, which received the supplement with organically bound iodine, an improvement in nitrogen metabolism was noted compared to the control group. This was most clearly demonstrated by the content of urea, since in the test group, its content decreased by ≈15 percentage points, and by the content of creatinine, since its increase in the test group was more than 20 percentage points. Differences in the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism between treatments were also noted, as in the blood of animals from the test group, the content of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose and malondialdehyde was lower than in the control group. In mineral metabolism and morphological parameters, there was no significant difference between treatments. Among the indicators of pigment and hormone metabolism, it is important to note the reduced content of cortisol in the blood of animals from the test group. Its level was lower by ≈17.23 percentage points compared to the control group. A decrease in cortisol levels indicated a lower stress load in the test group. In general, studies have shown that the use of a feed supplement containing organically bound iodine has a positive effect on the metabolism of animals

Financial and credit mechanism for attraction of real investments in a system of money flows regulation

Optimization of funding sources of real investments is a key stage in development and successful functioning of enterprises' investment activity. Currently big attention is drawn to questions of state and private partnership during development of investment projects, as well as to possible prospects of development of state and private interaction forms in investment sphere, and concessions particularly. Improvement of forms of interaction between state and corporate sector of economy in the sphere of real investments and as a part of development of specific priority investment programs requiring considerable investments has a strategic federal and regional value. Thus, it is important to understand role and benefit of each participant of the investment market, to define clear statutory, legislative and contractual base, and to swiftly analyze financial efficiency of real investments at all stages of realization. In modern conditions, stable development of economy of any country depends on condition of investment process. Need to integrate finance capital and to promote investment activity is obvious in new management conditions of market relations development. The main condition of successful investment activity at each stage is a choice of effective and correct finance and credit mechanism as a tool of real investments financing. Prior to suggest modern tools of such financing, it is necessary to analyze theoretically proved program and targeted method of real investments financing within the state and private partnership, in order to improve previously examined methodology. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved

Scale effects in tribological properties of solid-lubricating composites made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene filled with calcium stearate particles

Friction properties being influenced by scale effects are simulated in the paper by the example of polymer composite material made from Ultra High-Molecular Weight Polyethylenes (UHMWPE) filled by calcium stearate (C[36]H[70]CaO[4]). Of interest are the composites whose mechanical properties and tribotechnical characteristics do not depend monotonically on filler (inclusions) weight fraction. In order to describe the influence of scale effects onto frictional properties the model based on Reiss averaging (model of "weak phase") is employed. It is also suggested that when gradient elasticity theory is applicable the formal analogy between effective friction coefficient for surface heterogeneous structures and effective mechanical properties (compliances) for heterogeneous material can take place. Theoretical dependence to describe nonmonotonic change of effective friction coefficient versus filler concentration was obtained for the polymer composites under study. The suggested expressions might be useful for the sake of properties prognosis of antifriction polymeric materilas

Использование Урисана у больных подагрой

Objective: to evaluate the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of the herbal complex Urisan used in patients with gout within the Russian multicenter study. Subjects and methods. Thirty males aged 34 to 56 years with a valid diagnosis of gout after S.L. Wallace and a 1-7-year (mean 4,8 years) history of the disease were examined at the Rheumatology Unit of a Kursk regional hospital. Nineteen and 11 patients were stated to have tophaceous and nontophaceous gout, respectively. The total number of involved joints ranged from 3 to 10 (mean 4,6 joints). The study included patients with interictal gout. All the patients took Urisan in a full dose of 2 capsules (550 mg) twice daily for a month. Results. Prior to Urisan therapy, the mean serum level of uric acid (UA) was 569,5±102,4 ⎧mol/l; daily UA excretion averaged 4769,8 ⎧mol/l. Urisan therapy reduced UA levels by an average of 120 ⎧mol/l and increased daily urinary UA excretion by an average of 198,8 цmol/l. Conclusion. Urisan used against gout for 30 days causes an average 21% reduction in the serum levels of UA and a 4,1% increase in its urinary excretion. There were no exacerbations of gout during Urisan therapy.Цель исследования - оценка в рамках Российского многоцентрового исследования безопасности, переносимости и эффективности применения растительного комплекса Урисан у пациентов с подагрой. Материал и методы. В ревматологическом отделении областной больницы г. Курска обследованы 30 мужчин в возрасте от 34 до 56 лет с достоверным диагнозом подагры по S.L. Wallace и длительностью болезни от 1 года до 7 лет (в среднем - 4,8 года). У 19 пациентов констатирована тофусная подагра, у 11 - бестофусная. Общее количество пораженных суставов колебалось от 3 до 10 (среднем - 4,6 сустава). В исследование включали больных подагрой в межприступный период. Все пациенты принимали Урисан в полной дозе по 2 капсулы (по 550 мг) 2 раза в день в течение месяца. Результаты исследования. Средний уровень мочевой кислоты (МК) в сыворотке крови больных до терапии Урисаном составил 569,5±102,4 мкмоль/л, суточная экскреция МК - в среднем 4769,8 ммоль/л. На фоне терапии Урисаном у больных отмечены снижение уровня МК в среднем на 120 мкмоль/л, а также увеличение уровня экскреции МК с мочой в среднем на 198,8 ммоль/л в сутки. Выводы. Прием Урисана при подагре в течение 30 дней приводит к снижению сывороточного уровня МК в среднем на 21% и увеличению экскреции МК с мочой - на 4,1%. На фоне терапии Урисаном не наблюдалось обострений подагры

The formation of flavoring characteristics of meat products by changing the chemical composition of food compositions

The article presents the results of the study of changes in flavour characteristics when using corrective additives. Monosodium glutamate, ribotide, yeast extract and hydrolysate of vegetable soy protein were used as flavoring additives (FA). To assess the effect of composition of meat product recipe, as well as the method of FA‑introduction on taste intensity, the recipes of model meat systems with partial replacement of meat raw materials were used. Pork fat, soy protein and potato starch were used as meat substitutes. The effect of recipe composition on the content of non-volatile substances of aroma was accessed. It is shown that replacement of pork by pork fat in the recipe by 20–40% led to a sharp decrease in the concentration of aromatic substances and a decrease in intensity of taste of the finished product several times. The ways for taste correction using FA was studied. For this, a chopped semi-finished product — minced meat was prepared from chilled whole-muscle pork and 0.05% of each FA was added. It is shown that the dynamics of changes in the content of free amino acids is the most pronounced when using monosodium glutamate not as a mono-additive, but in compositions: monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide. A pool of chemical compounds involved in the formation of taste and aroma of products was detected. The main components were derivatives of C6–C24 fatty acids, as well as a significant number of other biochemical compounds, mainly substituted amines, amides, alcohols and ketones, with a content ranging from 0.001 to 0.2 mg/kg. The results of organoleptic analysis showed that the most delicious and attractive samples were those containing monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide